British PM David Cameron has ordered an investigation into an MP's claim that the Thatcher government "colluded" with India on the deadly raid on the Golden Temple in Amritsar in 1984.Harmandir Sahib: The Golden Temple With A Golden Story. The Golden Temple in its full glory under the afternoon sun | © Darshita Thakker. Darshita Thakker …Feb 25, 2024 · Timeline. Train Pics. Tips. The Shortest Route between Mumbai Ctrl and Amritsar Jn is 152 km (8%) shorter. Travel Time: 29h 0m 32 halts Distance: 1893 km Avg Speed: 65 km/hr. Max Permissible Speed: 130 km/hr. Type: SuperFast. Rake Zone: WR/Western. Departs @ 18:45. The Golden temple is also known as Harmandir Sahib or Darbar Sahib. It is a significant Sikh temple, which is located in the city of Amritsar. Thousands of people visit the Golden Temple every ...Within a space of hours, two incidents of attempted sacrilege have shaken Punjab. The first of these incidents took place on the evening of Saturday, 18 December at Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple ...golden temple News: Latest and Breaking News on golden temple. Explore golden temple profile at Times of India for photos, videos and latest news of golden temple. Also find news, photos and ...Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, India, c1930s. Artist: E Candler. of 100. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Golden Temple At Amritsar stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Golden Temple At Amritsar stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. The Golden Temple, or Golden Gurdwara is the holiest shrine of Sikhs. It was built during Mughal rule in late 16th century by Shri Guru Arjan Dev and a copy of the holy Sikh scripture Adi Guru Granth Sahib was placed inside the Gurdwara in 1604. Its sanctum walls were covered in marble and the dome was decorated with gold foil by Maharaja ... It holds special significance for Amritsar, the holy city, which boasts of the Harmandar Sahib (also known as the Golden Temple). The city has been named after the water body surrounding the temple. 'Amrit' means the nectar of immortality and 'sar' or 'sarovar' means pond - hence the name. The city was founded by Guru Raam Das, the … Hindu temple architecture. Completed. 2018. Website. www .hkmhyderabad .org. Hare Krishna Golden Temple (Telugu: హరే కృష్ణ గోల్డెన్ టెంపుల్) is located at Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India. It is the first Golden Temple to be constructed in Telangana. It was inaugurated in 2018 by Vice President of ... Apr 10, 2023 · Best Time to Visit Amritsar and the Temple. The best time to visit Amritsar is during the Winter months, between November and March. This is when the weather is at its best in Punjab (13.5°C to 26.9 °C or 56.4°F to 80.4°F). Do note that it can get quite cold in January, with temperatures averaging 11.5°C (52.9°F). Largest Langar Seva. Sri Darbar Sahib (The Golden Temple) organises the largest langar sewa in the world. It serves around a 100,000 devotees daily. While food is served, all the devotees sit together in rows on the floor, irrespective of their religion, caste or creed.All the devotees are considered equal here. Stairs to the TempleShri Kashi Vishwanath Temple (Golden Temple) 1,751 reviews. #15 of 140 things to do in Varanasi. Architectural BuildingsReligious Sites. Open now. 4:00 AM - 11:00 PM. Write a review. About. Standing on the western bank of India's holiest river Ganges, Varanasi is the oldest surviving city of the world and the cultural capital of India.The Golden Temple is a gurdwara located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is the prominent spiritual site of Sikhism. It is one of the holiest sites in Sikhism, ...Apart from being the largest free community kitchen in the world, langar in Golden Temple has many other attributes to its credit, like: 2. The Golden Temple langar is served to everyone, regardless of their caste, colour, creed or gender. 3. It is said that on a normal day, more than 50,000-60,000 people eat langar at Golden Temple, and during ...The Golden Temple at night Mughal Empire era destruction and rebuilding The growing influence and success of Guru Arjan drew the attention of the Mughal Empire. Guru Arjan was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and asked to convert to Islam. He refused, was tortured and executed in 1606 CE.After a decade of rule by Mr. Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party, Hindu-majority India maintains the facade of a democracy and has so far avoided the overt …1. Lord Buddha Meditated at the Sacred Site. Records show that Lord Buddha stayed at the sacred site of the Golden Temple for quite some time. In those times, the spot was a lake surrounded by thick forests. Buddha declared this site as an ideal meditation ground for sadhus and saints. Source. 2.Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, India, c1930s. Artist: E Candler. of 100. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Golden Temple At Amritsar stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Golden Temple At Amritsar stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.146. 13K views 3 years ago AMRITSAR GOLDEN TEMPLE. One of the highlights of my 3 1/2 week trip to India was seeing and visiting the stunning Golden …Sep 10, 2020 · A Glimpse into the History of the Golden Temple. Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that was established by Guru Nanak (1469–1539). He and the nine gurus that followed him, greatly expanded the faith, especially in Punjab. The temple and the city of Amritsar were selected by the Third Sikh Guru. The land was given by the Mughal Emperor Akbar ... 1984: Troops raid Golden Temple in Amritsar. Nearly 300 people have been killed as Indian troops stormed the Golden Temple in Amritsar, held by Sikh militants. The army's attack was resisted with heavy firepower, and weapons captured included machine guns, anti-tank missiles and rocket launchers. Reports say 250 dissidents and 48 Indian troops ...Tom Vadakkan, a spokesman for the B.J.P., said the prime minister’s comments on Muslims had been misinterpreted. Mr. Modi, Mr. Vadakkan said, was referring to …Sacred Destinations. Destinations. Golden Temple of Amritsar. The Harmandir Sahib (or Hari Mandir) in Amritsar, Punjab, is the holiest shrine in Sikhism. Previously (and still …The temple is covered with 1500 kg of pure gold foil in fifteen layers, double the 750 kg used for gilding the dome of the Amritsar Golden Temple in Punjab. Inaugurated in 2007, the temple is thronged by more than one lakh devotees during Hindu festivals. Picture Credit: Sripuram.org. The layers of pure gold were made and mounted on copper ...श्री हरिमन्दिर साहिब. निर्देशांक: 31°37′12″N 74°52′37″E. श्री हरिमन्दिर साहिब ( पंजाबी भाषा: ਹਰਿਮੰਦਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ; हरिमंदर साहिब, हरमंदिर साहिब) सिख ...Sri Narayani Peedam. Sri Sakthi Amma stays at the Sri Narayani Peedam, an institution that sits at the edge of a mountain named Kailasha Giri. It is located in Thirumalaikodi...Apart from being the largest free community kitchen in the world, langar in Golden Temple has many other attributes to its credit, like: 2. The Golden Temple langar is served to everyone, regardless of their caste, colour, creed or gender. 3. It is said that on a normal day, more than 50,000-60,000 people eat langar at Golden Temple, and during ...The Golden Temple is located in Amritsar, Punjab. The door panes are decorated with artistic style. It opens on to the bridge that leads to the main building...of 100. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Golden Temple India stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Golden Temple India stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.Location: Amritsar, Punjab. Built in: During 1588 -1601. Attraction: Remarkable structure. Significance: Most revered shrine of the Sikhs. How to reach: One can easily reach … Here are 11 Top Things to do & Places to Visit in Varanasi, India. Golden temple is located in the city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab in India. It is also known as Darbar Sahib or Harmandir Sahib. It is among the holiest places for Sikhs. Read my 2600 words detailed post: India’s Golden Temple in Amritsar: The Only Guide You Need; Bhang on! The Harmandir Sahib (or Hari Mandir) in Amritsar, Punjab, is the holiest shrine in Sikhism. Previously (and still more commonly) known as the Golden Temple, it was officially renamed Harmandir Sahib in March 2005. The temple (or gurdwara) is a major pilgrimage destination for Sikhs from all over the world, as well as an increasingly popular ... Nita Ambani visited the Sri Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) on Thursday evening. She arrived at around 7:30 pm and undertook 'parikrama' of the holy shrine before paying obeisance in the sanctum ...The 'Harmandir Sahib', more globally known as the Golden Temple, is the holiest Gurudwara and spiritual center for those who follow Sikhism. We visit the Gol...Jan 26, 2024 · For that reason, here are 12 tips to keep in mind when visiting the Golden Temple. Respect the Dress Code: Adhere to the modest dress code by covering your head and dressing appropriately. Remove Footwear: Take off your shoes and socks before entering the temple complex as a sign of respect. This is a non-negotiable. Asia. Top choice in Amritsar. The legendary Golden Temple is actually just a small part of this huge gurdwara complex, known to Sikhs as Harmandir Sahib. Spiritually, the focus of attention is the tank that surrounds the gleaming central shrine – the Amrit Sarovar, from which Amritsar takes its name, excavated by the fourth Sikh guru, Ram Das ... Learn about the history and significance of the Golden Temple, the most significant shrine in Sikhism and a symbol of Sikh …Coffee Shop Taste of Tibet Tashi Lhunpo Monastery built in 2015. Bylakuppe is an area in Karnataka which is home to the Indian town Bylakuppe and several Tibetan settlements (there are several Tibetan settlements in India), established by Lugsum Samdupling (in 1961) and Dickyi Larsoe (in 1969). Bylakuppe is the largest Tibetan settlement in the …The Seven Wonders of the Modern World. The Golden Temple is located in Amritsar, Punjab. The door panes are decorated with artistic style. It opens on to the bridge that …It was at 4 am on July 4, 1955 that Deputy Inspector General of Police Ashwani Kumar led the police with shoes on inside the Golden Temple premises. The community kitchen was captured and langar was stopped. Police also took away utensils. Guru Ramdas inn was also raided and head priests of Golden Temple were arrested. Police also raided the ...Visiting the Golden Temple is a unique experience that you cannot miss during a trip to Amritsar, in the state of Punjab. Being one of the most famous landmarks …IT News Desk. Updated on Apr 23, 2024, 09:13 IST. The annual Chitra Pournami festival at the ancient Mangaladevi temple in Kerala's Idukki District on …The valuables were donated to the temple by devotees over hundreds of years, and India's erstwhile royal family has been the custodian of the treasures. The vaults had not been opened in about 150 ...The Seven Wonders of the Modern World. The Golden Temple is located in Amritsar, Punjab. The door panes are decorated with artistic style. It opens on to the bridge that …The Seven Wonders of the Modern World. The Golden Temple is located in Amritsar, Punjab. The door panes are decorated with artistic style. It opens on to the bridge that …This is the largest free kitchen in the world. Open 24 hours, year round, this food hall feeds 100,000 people for free each day. And on religious holidays th...The Padmanabhaswamy temple treasure is a collection of valuable objects including gold thrones, crowns, coins, statues and ornaments, diamonds and other precious stones. It was discovered in some of the subterranean vaults of the Padmanabhaswamy Temple in Thiruvananthapuram, in the Indian state of Kerala, when five of its six (or possibly eight) …Sacred Destinations. Destinations. Golden Temple of Amritsar. The Harmandir Sahib (or Hari Mandir) in Amritsar, Punjab, is the holiest shrine in Sikhism. Previously (and still …Golden Temple complex in 1984. (Photo: India Today Archives) India Today Web Desk. UPDATED: Jun 6, 2018 15:33 IST. The 1984 Operation Blue Star was the biggest internal security mission ever undertaken by the Indian Army. Operation Blue Star was Indira Gandhi's solution to the haywire going law and order situation in Punjab.The Golden Temple, or Harmandir Sahib, in Amritsar, Punjab state, India, c. 1870s. Golden Temple, the chief gurdwara, or house of worship, of Sikhism and the …Sep 10, 2020 · A Glimpse into the History of the Golden Temple. Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that was established by Guru Nanak (1469–1539). He and the nine gurus that followed him, greatly expanded the faith, especially in Punjab. The temple and the city of Amritsar were selected by the Third Sikh Guru. The land was given by the Mughal Emperor Akbar ... Sep 10, 2020 · A Glimpse into the History of the Golden Temple. Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that was established by Guru Nanak (1469–1539). He and the nine gurus that followed him, greatly expanded the faith, especially in Punjab. The temple and the city of Amritsar were selected by the Third Sikh Guru. The land was given by the Mughal Emperor Akbar ... The Golden Temple also known as Harmandir Sahib is an example of the spirit of tolerance and acceptance that the Sikh philosophy propounds. In the architecture of the Golden temple are included symbols associated with places of worship of other religions. The Sikhs and people of other religions pay visit to Amritsar and to pay obeisance at Sri ...Apr 10, 2023 · Best Time to Visit Amritsar and the Temple. The best time to visit Amritsar is during the Winter months, between November and March. This is when the weather is at its best in Punjab (13.5°C to 26.9 °C or 56.4°F to 80.4°F). Do note that it can get quite cold in January, with temperatures averaging 11.5°C (52.9°F). At least 10 people were reportedly wounded in the clash. A commemoration of a military raid on the Golden Temple in Amritsar, India, went awry Friday, as rival groups of Sikhs clashed at the ...At least 10 people were reportedly wounded in the clash. A commemoration of a military raid on the Golden Temple in Amritsar, India, went awry Friday, as rival groups of Sikhs clashed at the ...Mar 17, 2020 · Brihadisvara Temple: One of the largest temples in southern India, the 11th century "Big Temple" is a regal architectural masterpiece of golden stone decorated with ancient frescoes, intricate ... Source: Outlook India. Between 1995 and 1999, the Golden Temple was renovated with 500 kilograms of gold. The value of this quantity of gold would exceed Rs. 140 crore today. Source:Fateh.sikhnet.com. The layers of gold the temple was plated with were done by the hands of skilled artistes who hailed from different parts of the country.Also known as Harmandir Sahib, this Gurudwara is one of the most visited places in the world. There are many things that make this site remarkable, from the …Download a free printable outline of this video and draw along with us: Printable Link: https://artforall.me/video/how-to-draw-golden-temple-amritsarThank y...The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust is the body responsible for the construction of the Ram temple in Ayodhya. "High Commissioner @santjha hosted …The Golden Temple is a gurdwara located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is the prominent spiritual site of Sikhism. It is one of the holiest sites in Sikhism, alongside the Gurdwara ...The largest of these monasteries and the most popular is the Namdroling Monastery, also known as the Golden Temple. The Golden Temple Coorg is actually called Padmasambhava Buddhist Vihara. Also read: 8 Buddhist temples in India you mustn’t miss. The History Of The Golden Temple And Namdroling MonasteryView Big or Medium Animation of Golden Temple. SikhNet offers homage to Amritsar on the occasion of the 420th Anniversary of this city. During the centuries, this complex of Sikh culture grew from a sacred village pond into a spiritual-temporal center. The passionate pilgrims of the faith of Guru Nanak (15th century), who united Hindu and ... The Golden Temple ( Enlarge) The Golden Temple, located in the city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab,is a place of great beauty and sublime peacefulness. Originally a small lake in the midst of a quiet forest, the site has been a meditation retreat for wandering mendicants and sages since deep antiquity. The Buddha is known to have spent time ... May 15, 2017 · India has many places of significant religious importance, which over a period of time have turned into popular tourist destinations. One example is the Harmandir Sahib, fondly known as ‘The Golden Temple.’. Located in Amritsar, it is the most sacred and divine Gurudwara, which is visited not only by Sikhs but also by people from all over ... India's main Sikh political party, the Akali Dal, protests outside the parliament, demanding that the government declassify documents related to the deadly 1984 raid on the Golden Temple.Sacred Destinations. Destinations. Golden Temple of Amritsar. The Harmandir Sahib (or Hari Mandir) in Amritsar, Punjab, is the holiest shrine in Sikhism. Previously (and still …Also known as Harmandir Sahib, this Gurudwara is one of the most visited places in the world. There are many things that make this site remarkable, from the …Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Golden Temple India stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. Golden Temple India stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs.The Golden Temple is located in the sacred city of Amritsar and considered the spiritual centre of Sikh religion. Also called Sri Harmandir Sahib, it was founded by the fourth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Ram Das and completed by his successor Guru Arjan Dev in the 14th century. The temple architecture of Harmandir Sahib is a combination of Hindu and ... Hindu temple architecture. Completed. 2018. Website. www .hkmhyderabad .org. Hare Krishna Golden Temple (Telugu: హరే కృష్ణ గోల్డెన్ టెంపుల్) is located at Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India. It is the first Golden Temple to be constructed in Telangana. It was inaugurated in 2018 by Vice President of ... Golden Vimana of Srisailam Temple. There are around 4,000 large temples in Andhra Pradesh state. Ahobilam. Alipiri. Amararama. Annavaram Satyanarayana Temple. Bugga Ramalingeswara Swamy Temple, Tadipatri. Chintalarayaswami Temple. Draksharama.The Golden Temple is a gurdwara located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is the prominent spiritual site of Sikhism. It is one of the holiest sites in Sikhism, alongside the Gurdwara ...The monastery's full name is Thegchog Namdrol Shedrub Dargyeling, called "Namdrolling or Namdroling" for short. Its initial structure was a temple constructed from bamboo, covering an area of approximately 80 square feet (7.4 m 2 ). It is carved into the jungle that the Indian government granted to Tibetan exiles.Location: Amritsar, Punjab, India. Listen to Gurbani kirtan live every day from Sri Harimandir Sahib (Darbar Sahib or Golden Temple). Starting early morning and continuing till late night. Video. Website.The Golden Temple, known as Sri Harmandir Sahib or Darbar Sahib, is an open place of worship for Sikhs - Sikhism being a religion that follows a single god. There are four gates on each side of the square-plan temple grounds that symbolizes the Golden Temple being open to people from all walks of life, regardless of race, religion or creed.Coffee Shop Taste of Tibet Tashi Lhunpo Monastery built in 2015. Bylakuppe is an area in Karnataka which is home to the Indian town Bylakuppe and several Tibetan settlements (there are several Tibetan settlements in India), established by Lugsum Samdupling (in 1961) and Dickyi Larsoe (in 1969). Bylakuppe is the largest Tibetan settlement in the …In this video, we're going to learn how to draw the Amritsar Golden Temple step by step. This is a wonderful temple that is located in Amritsar, India.If you...Sri Lakshmi Narayani Golden Temple complex inside the Thirupuram spiritual park is situated at the foot of a small range of green hills at Thirumalaikodi (or simply Malaikodi) Vellore in Tamil Nadu, India.It is 120 km from Tirupati, 145 km from Chennai, 160 km from Pondicherry and 200 km from Bengaluru.The Maha Kumbhabhishekam or consecration …It was at 4 am on July 4, 1955 that Deputy Inspector General of Police Ashwani Kumar led the police with shoes on inside the Golden Temple premises. The community kitchen was captured and langar was stopped. Police also took away utensils. Guru Ramdas inn was also raided and head priests of Golden Temple were arrested. Police also raided the ...Within a space of hours, two incidents of attempted sacrilege have shaken Punjab. The first of these incidents took place on the evening of Saturday, 18 December at Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple ...Visiting the Golden Temple is a unique experience that you cannot miss during a trip to Amritsar, in the state of Punjab. Being one of the most famous landmarks …The Golden Temple is located in the sacred city of Amritsar and considered the spiritual centre of Sikh religion. Also called Sri Harmandir Sahib, it was founded by the fourth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Ram Das and completed by his successor Guru Arjan Dev in the 14th century. The temple architecture of Harmandir Sahib is a combination of Hindu and ...The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust is the body responsible for the construction of the Ram temple in Ayodhya. "High Commissioner @santjha hosted …
Timeline. Train Pics. Tips. The Shortest Route between Mumbai Ctrl and Amritsar Jn is 152 km (8%) shorter. Travel Time: 29h 0m 32 halts Distance: 1893 km Avg Speed: 65 km/hr. Max Permissible Speed: 130 km/hr. Type: SuperFast. Rake Zone: WR/Western. Departs @ 18:45.. Convert russian to english
The gurdwara’s dome is adorned with gold, earning it the popular name of “the Golden Temple.”. Initially, the gurdwara was surrounded by a small lake in a serene …IT News Desk. Updated on Apr 23, 2024, 09:13 IST. The annual Chitra Pournami festival at the ancient Mangaladevi temple in Kerala's Idukki District on …146. 13K views 3 years ago AMRITSAR GOLDEN TEMPLE. One of the highlights of my 3 1/2 week trip to India was seeing and visiting the stunning Golden …Golden Temple Sri Harmandir Sahib ("The abode of God"), also known as Sri Darbar Sahib,, informally referred to as the Golden Temple, is the holiest Gurdwara of Sikhism, located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. Amritsar (literally, the tank of nectar of immortality) was founded in 1577 by the fourth Sikh guru, Guru Ram Das.SIKH ARCHITECTURE, style and design of building conspicuously popular among the Sikhs, is owed primarily to their religious monuments., sikh art | art and architecture of india | great sikh paintings | paintings india | sikhism art | golden temple paintings | golden temple art | painting of golden temple | sikh architecture | gurdwara architecture | …Golden temple is located in the city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab in India. It is also known as Darbar Sahib or Harmandir Sahib. It is among the holiest places for Sikhs. Read my 2600 words detailed post: India’s Golden Temple in Amritsar: The Only Guide You Need; Bhang on! An Awesome Guide on having Bhang in Varanasi, India.Fergusson has defined the Golden Temple architecture style as inspired from the design of the Hindu temples in the 19th century. As per the official list of buildings of interest, officially handed over by the Punjab Government in 1875, the Golden temple architecture is a replica of the Saint Mian Mir shrine, in Lahore. The Golden Temple ( Enlarge) The Golden Temple, located in the city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab,is a place of great beauty and sublime peacefulness. Originally a small lake in the midst of a quiet forest, the site has been a meditation retreat for wandering mendicants and sages since deep antiquity. The Buddha is known to have spent time ... The Golden Temple is in the heart of the old centre of Amritsar in the Punjab region on northern India, just 33 kilometres from the Wagah Border between India and Pakistan. …Nov 6, 2022 · Engage in Sewa (volunteering for the langar), and you will make your Golden Temple visit much more meaningful. You can wash dishes, peel vegetables, make chapatis, stir the dal, serve the food, or clean the floor. “This is also one of the best ways to connect with other devotees,” says Sandhu. There are no enrollment forms—just go up to ... Fergusson has defined the Golden Temple architecture style as inspired from the design of the Hindu temples in the 19th century. As per the official list of buildings of interest, officially handed over by the Punjab Government in 1875, the Golden temple architecture is a replica of the Saint Mian Mir shrine, in Lahore. The Golden Temple symbolizes equality, spirituality, and inclusivity, embodying the core values of Sikhism. Golden Temple Photos. Nearby Attractions: Amritsar offers a multitude of attractions for visitors. The Jallianwala Bagh, a memorial to the tragic massacre of 1919, stands as a somber reminder of India’s struggle for independence. The ... We've got 218 hotels you can pick from within just a mile of Golden Temple. You may want to think about one of these choices that are popular with our travelers: Hotel Sarovar Regency. hotel • Free WiFi • Terrace • Garden. SureStay Hotel by …There are no fixed Golden Temple timings as the holy site is open throughout the day and night. The same is applicable for Golden Temple langar timings as it serves food 24 hours a day.. A list of the timings of routine worship is - - Kiwad (Portals) Opening Time - 2.15 a.m. - Kirtan at Amrit Vela (Early dawn) - 2.30 a.m. - Asa di Var - 3.15 a.m. - Departure of Palki …India's golden triangle is a tourist circuit in India that connects the national capital, New Delhi, with Agra and Jaipur.The trips usually start in Delhi and move south to the site of the Taj Mahal at Agra (in Uttar Pradesh state), then west, to Jaipur (in the desert landscapes of Rajasthan state). It is normally possible to do the trip by road, train or plane..